Tea as a beverage is extremely popular all across India. When the British brought tea to India, they did so with the intention of demolishing the Chinese monopoly over tea production. However, the beverage gained popularity and very soon it became a household drink. The first teas were planted and cultivated in Darjeeling and Assam, and after their success, the tea industry grew and teas began to be cultivated all over north-east India and southern India. Today ten distinct tea producing regions can be identified in India.
Darjeeling: Darjeeling has been growing the Chinese variety of the tea plant since 1841. But unlike other regions that grow this variety, the environment of Darjeeling has a unique and magical effect on the tea bush. Tea from Darjeeling is sold at very high premiums in the international market because of its Muscatel flavour. This flavour cannot be replicated in tea across any other market and this is why Darjeeling tea has a geographical indication (GI) status that is protected across the world. Plantations in Darjeeling are situated at altitudes between 600 metres and 2,000 metres above sea level. The region gets adequate rainfall and the location of the plantations at these altitudes across steep slopes ensures excellent drainage. The soil, the intermittent clouds hovering above the mountains and the bright sunshine – all contribute to the exclusive Darjeeling flavour.
Assam: The state of Assam is home to the single largest contiguous tea growing region in the world. The region goes through extremely humid summers and heavy rainfall from March to September. Tea plantations in Assam grow the Camelia Sinensis var Assamica variety of the tea plant. Assam is the only region globally where tea is grown in plains, and also the only other region apart from Southern China, which grows its own native tea plant. Tea from Assam has a rich, full bodied, deep-amber liquor with a brisk, strong and malty taste, making it ideal for the early morning cup. Second flush orthodox Assam teas are extremely popular for their distinctive taste and bright liquor. Orthodox Assam teas have been registered as a geographical indication (GI) in India.
Dooars and Terai: The first plantation in Terai was named Champta, and it was set up by James White in 1862. Subsequently, the Dooars region saw its first tea plantation in the form of Gazeldubi. In Dooars, the Assamese tea plant was found to be more suitable. Today, Dooars and Terai have a combined annual production of 226 million kg of tea, which accounts for around 25 per cent of India’s total tea crop. Tea from Dooars is described as clear, black, and heavy. The first flush has a fresh virgin flavour, good brightness and fragrance while the second flush is more brisk. Terai tea on the other hand is known for its spicy and slightly sweet taste.
Kangra: The Kangra district in Himachal Pradesh was deemed as a potential tea growing region by Dr Jameson in 1829, following a feasibility survey. He brought in Chinese tea plants from Almora and Dehradun and had them planted at Kangra, Nagrota and Bhawarna. Tea is now cultivated across an area of 2,063 hectares in Kangra and Mandi districts. Due to the favourable natural climate that’s free of pests and insects, tea is grown organically in the Kangra valley. The Kangra region is famous for its range of green (Hyson, Young Hyson and coarse grades) and black teas (Pekoe, Pekoe Suchong, Coarse teas and Fannings) with their exquisite flavours.
Nilgiri: In 1823, John Sullivan, who was then the British Collector of Coimbatore, built his stone house in Ootacamund. Initial experiments for tea cultivation commenced in the Ketti Valley in 1853, and commercial production was first undertaken in the Thiashola and Dunsandle Estates in 1859. Nilgiri tea is named after the Nilgiris, or Blue Mountains. The weather conditions provide Nilgiri teas with a characteristic briskness, exceptional fragrance and exquisite flavour. The liquor is golden yellow in colour, provides a creamy taste in the mouth and has notes of dusk flowers. Nilgiri tea has also been registered as a GI in India, and around 92 million kg of this tea are produced every year – around 10 per cent of India’s total tea production.
Annamalais: Today, the Annamalais, a range of hills with altitudes from 900 to 1,600 metres between Kerala and Tamil Nadu, have around 12,000 hectares under tea cultivation. The tea from Annamallais generates a brisk and bright golden saffron liquor in the cup. It has a strong flavour and a medium to high tone fragrance with biscuit to floral notes.
Wayanaad: The first tea plantation was set up over a few acres at the New Hope estate in Ouchterlony Valley in 1874. Tea from Wayanad is medium toned with a clean fragrance and produces an earthy reddish, full bodied liquor in the cup. The liquor is light on briskness and mild and mellow with biscuit notes.
Karnataka: The state is the coffee hub of India, but also produces around 5 million kg of tea every year. Teas from Karnataka produce a golden ochre liquor with a fair amount of briskness and body. They have a simple, balanced character and are medium toned.
Munnar: Tea was first grown in Munnar by A H Sharp in the 1970s. Tea from Munnar produces a golden yellow liquor with strong body, refreshing briskness and a hint of fruit. It has a clean, medium toned fragrance.
Travancore: Coffee production was started by J D Monro in 1862, and tea production started two years later. After the dreaded leaf disease began to hit coffee plants in 1875, the focus shifted rapidly towards tea cultivation. This tea has medium fragrance with reddish liquor and yellow tinge.
